Dystonia: 9/1997

Dystonia is a type of neuromuscular disorder that is sometimes confused with cerebral palsy or with early onset Parkinson's Disease.

Dystonia is a neurological disorder of the brain characterized by sustained muscle contractions which frequently causes twisting or repetitive movements of a body part (eyelids, tongue, hand, limb, neck, trunk, etc.) or abnormal postures. Also, a tremor may accompany these symptoms. Symptoms are often exacerbated by active voluntary movements.

The cause is usually genetic, with association with at least six different genes. The symptoms can first occur in infancy, childhood or later in life. Another variety of the disorder is due to the use of pharmaceuticals, particularly drugs used in the treatment of other brain and behavioral disorders.

A specific type of dystonia on occasion has been mistaken for cerebral palsy: Dopa-Responsive Dystonia (DRD). This genetic disorder first appears in young children (ages 2-6). It is characterized usually by the onset of dystonia in a limb (usually a leg) affecting walking and over time spreading to involve other limbs. Symptoms are often worse late in the day and may increase with exertion. Symptoms are less severe in the morning after sleep. Associated symptoms include slowness of movement, lack of balance and on occasion tremor of the hands at rest.

DRD responds dramatically to treatment with Dopa. Because of the symptoms and the good response to Dopa therapy, DRD is sometimes referred to as childhood Parkinson's Disease. It is also misdiagnosed as cerebral palsy because of its appearance in infancy and childhood.

Further information about dystonia and DRD can be obtained by writing to:

Dystonia Medical Research Foundation One East Wacker Drive, Ste. 2430 Chicago, IL 60601-2001